Bus timetables play an important role in improving the level of service and reducing operations costs of a bus transit system. Without dedicated bus lanes, bus travel times, which are important input data for bus timetabling, are usually time-dependent due …
© 2021 Elsevier LtdElectric vehicles are environmental transportation modes that are widely applied in green logistics systems. To guarantee the energy efficiency, the impacts of customer service modes and recharging strategies need to be integrated into the optimization of electric …
This paper addresses the transportation of valuable goods in which security carriers are interested to optimize the operating costs and the vehicle routes’ security. In real operations, route planning and scheduling are normally performed manually based on individual experience. Hereupon, …
A new mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is presented for the time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows and intelligent travel times. The aim is to minimize fixed and variable costs, with the assumption that the travel time between any two …
In this study, we investigate a routing problem in urban transportation which considers time-dependent travel time, multiple trips per vehicle, and loading time at the depot simultaneously. Its objective is to minimize the total travel distance while satisfying the time …
In this paper, a new time-space network model is proposed for addressing the time-dependent rural postman problem (TDRPP) of a single vehicle. The proposed model follows the idea of arc-path alternation to form a feasible and complete route. Based on …
Vehicle routing algorithms usually reformulate the road network into a complete graph in which each arc represents the shortest path between two locations. Studies on time-dependent routing followed this model and therefore defined the speed functions on the complete graph. …
© 2000-2011 IEEE.This paper presents an arc-routing problem with time-dependent penalty cost (ARPTPC), which arises from a practical application in garbage collection service. ARPTPC considers the minimization of service cost, traveling cost and penalty cost. While the first two parts …
© 2021 Elsevier LtdReducing distribution costs is one of the effective ways for logistics enterprises to improve their core competitiveness. Aiming at the multi-depot vehicle routing problem under the time-varying road network, this paper proposes an integer programming model with …
In this paper, we study the duration-minimizing time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows (DM-TDVRPTW), where time-dependent travel times represent different levels of road congestion throughout the day. The departure time from depot becomes an important decision to reduce the …